Internal combustion engine



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May 26, 1942. J. a. VINCENT 2,233,959

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. 25, 1940 063ml] HOGm UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Jesse G. Vincent, Grosse Pointe, Mich, assignor to Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application September 25, 1940, Serial No. 358,261

10 Claims.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to engines of a type cooled by liquid.

Through necessity or desirability some engines have sheet metal jackets applied to the cylinders for the purpose of forming chambers through which cooling liquid can be circulated. These jackets are usually welded around their ends to flanges integral with or fixed to the cylinder castings and in order to provide leak-proof joints very careful torch welding by skilled workmen is required. When the engine appliances are located in the cylinder heads the jackets can be preformed before application to the cylinders, but when appliances, such as spark plugs, extend radially of the cylinders the jackets are formed by bending a sheet of metal around the cylinders into tubular form and then welding the abutting edges prior to welding the ends to the flanges.

These welding operations depend upon the human element for good joints. The welding temperature is so high that plating on the chamber walls will be injured if ordinary carbon sheet steel is employed for the jacket and because of this, it has been the usual practice to use a more expensive metal for the jackets that will not be injured by welding temperature. Thus with such jackets, manufacturing costs are high because of initial cost of material and scrap resulting from failure of the human element involved.

An object of the invention is to provide an engine in which plated carbon steel jackets are applied to cylinder barrels without injury to the plating.

A further object of the invention is to provide a tubular preformed water jacket of irregular shape that can be telescoped into position and secured with a cylinder structure having radially extending accessory bosses.

Another object of the invention is to provide an engine of the liquid cooled type having longitudinally aligned cylinders with elliptical jackets arranged with their shortest diameter extending in line with the cylinder alignment to thus provide a minimum longitudinal overall engine dimension and to provide across the longest diameter suflicient room through the head end for relatively large cooling liquid connections.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawing, which forms a part of this specification, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a pair of cylinder structures of an in-line engine having the invention incorporated therewith;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of one of the cylinder structures taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is another sectional view of one of the cylinder structures taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the jacket and tapered barrel flange.

In the drawing, there are shown two similar cylinder structures of an in-line type of internal combustion engine. These structures are comprised generally of a barrel structure In and a jacket structure ll that telescopes the head end portion of the barrel structure to form a chamber l2 through which a cooling liquid may be circulated in a conventional manner.

The barrel structures are preferably formed as forgings consisting of a cylindrical barrel I3 and an integral head end It. The barrel head end has pair of inlet ports l5 and a pair of exhaust ports l6 therethrough. The inlet ports are continued through flanges or bosses l8, such flanges projecting in an axial direction from the head endit of the barrel. Two diameter bosses l9 also project in an axial direction from the head end of the barrel and serve to receive anchor means for an applied cylinder head housing (not shown). A pair of hollow bosses or flanges 20 projects radially from each barrel and they are preferably diametrically arranged. Such bosses form a part of openings, for receiving spark plugs (not shown), that communicate with the interiors of the barrels. An anchor projection 2| extends radially from and around each barrel and is formed as an integral part thereof.

The jacket structures for the barrel structures are composed of tubular sheet metal jackets 22 and head plates 23, these members being formed prior to their assembly with barrel structures but are preferably fixed together after being located in their assembled positions. The head plate is formed with openings arranged to receive the bosses and flanges projecting from the barrel head end, and such plate is seated against shoulders formed by the two diameters of the anchor bosses IS. The wall portions of the jacket plate and the adjacent portions of the bosses I'l, I8 and H are copper brazed together, as at 24, in fixed and leak-proof relation, preferably prior to the application of the jacket to the barrel. The plate 23 is fixed to the bosses to form a flange that projects beyond the head end of the cylinder.

The tubular jacket is formed prior to being telescopically assembled on the barrel and is made out-of-round, preferably elliptical. The

periphery of plate 23 is formed similar in shape to the jacket, and the arrangement is such that the short diameters of the jackets align with each other and with the centerline of the in-line cylinder structures.

A flange 25 extends radially from and around each barrel, being formed preferably as an integral part thereof. The periphery of this flange is also formed elliptical and similar to the jacket head plate and is aligned therewith in a direction axially of the cylinder structure. The bosses will lie between flanges 23 and 25 projecting from the barrel.

The jacket is assembled with th cylinder structure by endwise movement to a position where its ends lie adjacent flanges 23 and 25. securement of the jacket ends in tight fitting relation with the plate and the flange can be made preferably through a thermal lineal change in either the jacket ends or in the plate and the flange. Thus the jacket ends can be heated until expanded and then allowed to shrink against the plate and the flange, or the plate and flange can be chilled to contract and then allowed to expand against the jacket ends. When the securement is made by shrinking the jacket, the diameter of the jacket must be formed slightly smaller than that of the plate and flange, and when the securement is made by expanding the plate and flange, then their diameter must be formed slightly larger than the jacket diameter.

Due to the shape of the jacket it can be preformed because the long diameter can be aligned with the spark plug bosses and will clear the same in assembly. If desired, the jacket could be attached to the plate 23 before application to the barrel and in such event the plate would be applied with the jacket and copper brazed onto the barrel head bosses after the telescopic assembly is made. The peripheral wall of flange 25 can be tapered, as shown in Fig. 4, so that the major portion of the press fit comes at the bottom to thus reduce any tendency to distort the main portion of the barrel.

A suitable coating material 30, such as cadmium or nickel, can be plated to the outer wall of the barrel and the inner wall of the jacket structure forming the liquid chamber l2 prior to securement together to prevent corrosion by the cooling fluid. When the jacket is welded to the barrel structure, the heat development has been so high that the coating application has been destroyed, but with assembly by thermal lineal change the coating will not be injured.

The elliptical shape of the jacket is of advantage when four ports in the head are employed because considerable space between the pair of ports and the jacket on the long diameter of the plate is gained. Thus there is room for relatively large diameter liquid inlet and outlet openings 31 and 32 providing for an adequate liquid circulation in the cooling chamber.

After the jacket structure has been fixed to the barrel, a bushing or sleeve 33 is inserted into the flange 20 through an opening in the jacket, this opening being formed by drawing out flange 35 prior to assembling the jacket with the barrel. The sleeve is formed slightly larger in diameter than the interior of flange 20 and is chilled just before being inserted so that upon expansion it will fit tightly in place. The outer ends of the sleeve are welded to the outer end of flange 35 as indicated at 36. A suitable plug can be employed to insert the sleeve and it can be pressed into the boss by a suitable hydraulic ram to position the sleeve before a rise in temperature causes its expansion into secured relation.

By the thermal lineal securement of the jackets. tight leak-proof connections are made and as the heat employed is not injurious to the plating, the jacket structures can be formed of ordinary carbon steel. The out-of-round shape of the jackets provides adequate room in the jacket plates for relatively larger diameter liquid inlets and outlets, and also permits an in-line cylinder engine to be made of a minimum length and with adequate cooling chamber space. The preformed jackets do not require a longitudinal Weld to form the tube while applied to the barrels so that this cause of leakage and plating deterioration is eliminated. The jacket structures will be light, sturdy and leak-proof when secured to the barrels.

Although the invention has been described in connection with a specific embodiment, the principles involved are susceptible of numerous other applications which will readily occur to persons skilled in the art. The invention is therefore to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A cylinder structure comprising a barrel. a pair of spaced flanges encircling the barrel and projecting outwardly therefrom, spark plug bosses projecting radially from the barrel between the flanges, and a preformed jacket telescoping the flanges and secured in leak-proof relation therewith to form a fluid chamber around the barrel, said flanges and jacket being similarly out-ofround throughout their length and the longest diameter portions aligning with the bosses whereby the jacket can clear the bosses when telescopically applied to the barrel.

2. A cylinder structure comprising a barrel having bosses extending radially therefrom, outof-round flanges extending from and around the barrel with the bosses therebetween, said flanges having similar portions in line with and extending radially beyond the bosses, and a preformed tubular jacket telescoping the barrel and conforming in shape to the peripheries of the flanges and secured thereto in leak-proof relation. the long diameter of said jacket clearing the bosses when moved axially in telescoping relation with the barrel.

3. A cylinder structure comprising a cylinder barrel, spaced flanges projecting radially from around said barrel, and an interiorly plated sheet metal tubular jacket telescoping said flanges and the barrel portion therebetween, said jacket and the peripheries of the flanges being similarly out-of-round and secured together by thermal lineal change to form a fluid cooling chamber.

4. A cylinder structure comprising a cylindrical barrel having an integral ported head end with bosses projecting axially therefrom, a plate fixed on said bosses in spaced relation with the head end of the barrel and projecting radially beyond the periphery of the barrel, a flange extending from and around said barrel, the peripheries of said plate and flange being similarly out-ofround in outline and in alignment axially of the barrel, a preformed sheet metal jacket conforming in shape to the peripheral outlines of said flange and plate, said jacket telescoping :he barrel and being secured in leak-proof relation to the peripheries of the flange and the plate. said plate having ports therethrough aligning with the barrel ports and cooling liquid inlet and outlet openings adjacent the periphery and in the longer dimensional portion between the jacket and the ports.

5. A cylinder structure Comprising a cylindrical barrel having an integral head portion with a pair of fuel inlet ports and a pair of exhaust ports therethrough, bosses projecting axially from said head, a plate of larger diameter than the head in every direction seated on and sealed to said bosses to form a liquid space intermediate the plate and the head, said plate being out-ofround, one portion of the plate in its longer dimension between a pair of ports and the periphery having relatively large cooling fluid ports' therethrough, and a jacket telescoping a portion of the barrel and sealed to the periphery of said plate.

6. A cylinder structure comprising a barrel having a head end with a pair of inlet ports and a pair of outlet ports therethrough, said ports being arranged substantially on a circle, a head plate spaced axially from the head end of the barrel and having ports therethrough aligning with the ports through the barrel head end, and a jacket secured to the periphery of said plate and partially telescoping the barrel, said plate and jacket being of greater diameter in any direction than the barrel and out-of-round, said plate having relatively large cooling liquid openings therethrough in the longer diameter portion thereof between two of the ports therethrough.

7 A cylinder structure comprising a cylindrical barrel having diametric spark plug bosses extending radially therefrom, a preformed tubular jacket telescoping the end of the barrel having the bosses and secured to form a liquid cooling chamber around the barrel, said jacket being out-of-round to clear the bosses when telescoped on the barrel during assembly and having openings therethrough aligning with the bosses, and

Search Room sleeves tightly fitted in the bosses and sealed in the openings in the jacket.

8. A cylinder structure comprising a barrel having a spark plug receiving boss extending radially therefrom, a sheet metal jacket telescoping the portion of the barrel from which the boss extends and permanently secured and sealed to the barrel to form a chamber for cooling liquid, said jacket having an outwardly extending flange in alignment with the barrel boss, a sleeve extending through the jacket flange and into the barrel boss, said sleeve being normally of larger diameter than the interior of the barrel boss and being shrunk by cooling prior to insertion and then allowed to expand into tight fitting relation, and means sealing the sleeve with the jacket flange.

9. A cylinder structure comprising a barrel having a circular hollow boss for receiving a spark plug projecting radially from the outer wall thereof, a jacket sealed in telescoping relation with a portion of the barrel from which the boss projects, said jacket having an opening therethrough aligning with the spark plug boss and an outwardly extending flange continued from the opening, and a sleeve extending through the jacket flange and into the barrel boss and in tight fitting relation therewith, said sleeve being normally of larger diameter than the interior of the barrel boss but insertable therein when cooled, and means sealing the end of the barrel flange with the sleeve.

10. A cylinder structure comprising a barrel, spaced flanges projecting radially from around said barrel, and a sheet metal tubular jacket telescoping said flanges and the barrel portion therebetween, said jacket and the peripheries of the flanges being similarly out-of-round and secured together by thermal lineal change to form a cooling fluid chamber.

JESSE G. VINCENT. 

